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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Courtney McNamaraORCiD
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This systematic review is the first to investigate ChatGPT’s applications in pediatric healthcare systems by assessing its accuracy and readability, with a focus on its impact across key areas such as clinical decision-making, clinical documentation, patient education, and training. The primary question guiding this review is: How does ChatGPT impact pediatric healthcare systems, for example, in terms of improving patient education, enhancing providers’ efficiency, and assisting with clinical decision-making? A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science (February 16, 2025). Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed studies evaluating ChatGPT in pediatric healthcare (ages 0–18 and guardians). Of 475 screened articles, 58 met eligibility criteria. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, intervention types, outcomes, and results. ChatGPT’s primary applications were patient education (n = 38), clinical decision-making (n = 12), and clinical documentation (n = 5). Accuracy was highest in patient education, where it generated educational materials and answered FAQs, though readability was often at a high school level, necessitating adaptation. Clinical documentation benefits included improved efficiency in drafting notes and discharge instructions. However, clinical decision-making and training (n = 3) showed mixed accuracy, particularly in management recommendations and patient care plans. Conclusion: ChatGPT demonstrates potential in enhancing physician efficiency and tailoring patient education in pediatric healthcare. However, most studies relied on observational designs, with only one quasi-experimental study. Further experimental research is required to evaluate AI’s impact on pediatric care system effectiveness and patient outcomes.
Author(s): Douma H, McNamara C, Bakola M, Stuckler D
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: European Journal of Pediatrics
Year: 2025
Volume: 184
Online publication date: 12/07/2025
Acceptance date: 03/07/2025
ISSN (electronic): 1432-1076
Publisher: Springer Nature
URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-025-06320-4
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-025-06320-4
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