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© 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.High-fidelity modelling of wave-structure interaction (WSI) is essential for advancing offshore engineering applications, yet it remains constrained by deficiencies in existing numerical methods. In particular, the geometric-VOF isoAdvector algorithm exhibits mass flux defects, while conventional time-integration schemes provide insufficient accuracy in fluid-structure interaction (FSI) coupling. This study introduces an elementary symmetric polynomial (ESP) decomposition to improve mass flux conservation, together with a novel adaptive time-step Crank-Nicolson (ATCK) method to enhance FSI coupling. Both techniques are implemented within a modified multiphase solver, overWaveIsoFoam, developed in the OpenFOAM framework. The solver is systematically assessed through a sequence of benchmark validations and large-scale WSI simulations. The results indicate that: (i) discrepancies in mass flux conservation and FSI coupling are reduced to 1.58% and 0.03%, respectively; (ii) accuracy differences in surge, pitch, and heave motions are limited to 2.12%, 1.36%, and 1.33%, respectively, and are further reduced to 0.52%, 0.85%, and 1.14% with the ATCK method; (iii) mooring tension predictions are improved, with discrepancies of 21.98% and 5.31% for two critical mooring lines, which are further refined to 26.90% and 12.07% through the application of ATCK; and (iv) analyses of free surface elevation and turbulence eddy viscosity demonstrate reduced numerical dissipation and enhanced fidelity in wave field predictions. These results demonstrate that the proposed solver provides a more accurate and robust framework for practical WSI simulations, offering significant potential for the design and optimisation of offshore renewable energy systems.
Author(s): Xu Z, Liu Y, Lin Z, Huang S, Chen H, Xue G
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Ocean Engineering
Year: 2026
Volume: 350
Print publication date: 30/03/2026
Online publication date: 13/01/2026
Acceptance date: 03/01/2026
ISSN (print): 0029-8018
ISSN (electronic): 1873-5258
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124196
DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.124196
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