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Multifunctional Fluorinated Self-Polymerizable Additive Improves the Performance of Perovskite Photovoltaics

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Zhongjin ShenORCiD, Professor Marina FreitagORCiD

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Abstract

© 2026 The Authors. Published by American Chemical SocietyThe incorporation of self-polymerizable additives is an effective strategy to improve both efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), yet the structure-performance relationship remains unclear. Here, two self-polymerizable additives, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl acrylate (PFPA) and n-propyl acrylate (NPA), are systematically investigated. Both additives undergo in situ thermal polymerization during perovskite annealing. The fluorinated PFPA exhibits strong interactions with undercoordinated Pb2+, enabling effective crystallization regulation and defect passivation. Polymerized PFPA preferentially accumulates at the perovskite top surface, forming a hydrophobic dipole layer that enhances charge extraction and interfacial stability. As a result, PSCs with polymerized PFPA achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.01% and retain 90.0% of the initial efficiency after 840 h at 85 °C in nitrogen and 95.1% after 1000 h under maximum power point tracking conditions. Furthermore, minimodules with an active area of 14 cm2 deliver a PCE of 21.66%.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Shi N, Tian H, Yang G, Wang P, Lei Y, Li W, Jiang J, Jiang X, Shen Z, Freitag M, Guo X, Pang S

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: ACS Energy Letters

Year: 2026

Volume: 11

Issue: 2

Pages: 2093-2102

Online publication date: 26/01/2026

Acceptance date: 22/01/2026

Date deposited: 03/03/2026

ISSN (electronic): 2380-8195

Publisher: American Chemical Society

URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c03901

DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.5c03901

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