Techno-Economic Analysis of Energy Storage Integration in Port Operations Considering Market Conditions, Carbon Pricing and Network Constraints

Alahyari, A; Patsios, C; Prousalidis, J

doi:10.1109/ESTS62818.2025.11152489

Techno-Economic Analysis of Energy Storage Integration in Port Operations Considering Market Conditions, Carbon Pricing and Network Constraints

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Arman Alahyari ORCiD, Professor Haris Patsios

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Abstract

© 2025 IEEE. The integration of energy storage in port operations presents a transformative opportunity to enhance energy efficiency, reduce costs, and support decarbonisation goals. This paper explores the techno-economic viability of energy storage deployment under varying market conditions, network constraints, and carbon pricing mechanisms. Through detailed case studies, we analyse how storage sizing and operation adapt when ports can or cannot sell energy back to the grid, demonstrating the critical role of market participation in storage profitability. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of declining storage costs, revealing that future cost reductions significantly improve economic feasibility. Carbon pricing introduces additional complexity, influencing storage dispatch patterns to minimise both financial and environmental costs. Lastly, we examine network limitations-both at the grid connection point and within the port infrastructure-highlighting their impact on storage utilisation and cost-effectiveness. The findings underscore that optimal energy storage deployment is highly context-dependent, requiring coordinated infrastructure investment, regulatory support, and market access. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to maximise the benefits of energy storage in port energy management.