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Multi-method analysis of tensile stress-induced magnetic anisotropy in grain-oriented and non-oriented silicon steel sheets under elastic and plastic states

Lookup NU author(s): Emeritus Professor Gui Yun Tian

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Abstract

Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier B.V. Stress modifies the magnetic moment of ferromagnetic materials, influencing magnetic anisotropy. Stress in the plastic region irreversibly alters grain orientation and introduces defects, further affecting magnetic anisotropy. Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) enables sensitive and non-destructive detection of microstructure and micro-magnetic changes under stress. However, multi-scale analysis of the correlation between microstructure and stress-induced magnetic anisotropy in anisotropic or isotropic materials remains a key challenge, complicating the interpretation of stress-driven microstructural evolution evaluation via MBN. In this study, the MBN energy under rotating excitation fields is employed to evaluate the stress-induced magnetic anisotropy of the grain-oriented and non-oriented silicon steel sheets under elastic and plastic states. By combining electron backscattered diffraction and magneto-optical Kerr microscopy, the variation of the magnetic anisotropy and the magnetisation easy axis affected by the texture and stress is investigated. The initial magnetic anisotropy and the easy magnetisation axis of silicon steel sheets is determined by the grain orientation. Plastic-range stress alters easy magnetisation axis in grain-oriented silicon steel. Elastic-range stress induces magnetic anisotropy in non-oriented silicon steel. In this study, the multi-scale mechanisms of the micro-to-macro magnetic properties affected by grain orientation and stress are investigated, enabling microstructure characterisation via MBN for both anisotropic and isotropic materials without direct microstructural or micro-magnetic observations.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Liu J, Tian GY, Zeng K, Chen CJ

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

Year: 2026

Volume: 646

Print publication date: 15/05/2026

Online publication date: 09/03/2026

Acceptance date: 04/03/2026

ISSN (print): 0304-8853

ISSN (electronic): 1873-4766

Publisher: Elsevier BV

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.174001

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.174001

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