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Lookup NU author(s): Shady Adib, Graham Ewart, Dr Vladimir VinogradovORCiD, Professor Peter GoslingORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2026 by the authors.This paper introduces a cost-effective customised Printed Circuit Board (PCB) designed to establish an accurate Internet of Things (IoT) platform integrated with established Digital Twin (DT) models for advanced structural monitoring. The study focuses on developing a low-cost, precise PCB to synchronise real-time data between physical structures and their DT counterparts. The methodology includes a robust communication architecture utilising MQTT protocols, facilitating reliable data transmission and efficient integration with MATLAB for processing. Validation tests demonstrate high accuracy in data capture, with less than 1% deviation from conventional systems across multiple structural damage scenarios. This research highlights the potential of cost-effective PCB solutions for enhancing SHM and developing more resilient, proactive infrastructure management strategies.
Author(s): Adib S, Ewart G, Vinogradov V, Gosling PD
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Sensors
Year: 2026
Volume: 26
Issue: 5
Online publication date: 06/03/2026
Acceptance date: 01/10/2025
Date deposited: 15/04/2026
ISSN (electronic): 1424-8220
Publisher: MDPI
URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/s26051672
DOI: 10.3390/s26051672
Data Access Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to restrictions related to institutional laboratory data and ongoing research usage.
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