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Advancing Structural Health Monitoring: Accurate PCB Design for IoT-Based Real-Time Damage Detection with Digital Twin Integration

Lookup NU author(s): Shady Adib, Graham Ewart, Dr Vladimir VinogradovORCiD, Professor Peter GoslingORCiD

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Abstract

© 2026 by the authors.This paper introduces a cost-effective customised Printed Circuit Board (PCB) designed to establish an accurate Internet of Things (IoT) platform integrated with established Digital Twin (DT) models for advanced structural monitoring. The study focuses on developing a low-cost, precise PCB to synchronise real-time data between physical structures and their DT counterparts. The methodology includes a robust communication architecture utilising MQTT protocols, facilitating reliable data transmission and efficient integration with MATLAB for processing. Validation tests demonstrate high accuracy in data capture, with less than 1% deviation from conventional systems across multiple structural damage scenarios. This research highlights the potential of cost-effective PCB solutions for enhancing SHM and developing more resilient, proactive infrastructure management strategies.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Adib S, Ewart G, Vinogradov V, Gosling PD

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Sensors

Year: 2026

Volume: 26

Issue: 5

Online publication date: 06/03/2026

Acceptance date: 01/10/2025

ISSN (electronic): 1424-8220

Publisher: MDPI

URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/s26051672

DOI: 10.3390/s26051672

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