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Lookup NU author(s): Hatai JongprasitkulORCiD, Dr Ana Ferreira-DuarteORCiD, Professor David FultonORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2026 The Authors.Extrusion-based bioprinting has become increasingly common due to its high cell viability, compatibility with diverse crosslinking mechanisms, and ability to print at high cell densities with minimal cellular damage. However, most fabrication workflows still rely on trial-and-error optimization, leading to time-consuming, increased material costs, and reduced reproducibility. Here, we introduce a simple and yet robust mathematical model that predicts the extrusion pressure required for printing directly from rheological data, enabling the construction of a pressure-based printability window that reduces optimization time and resource use. The predicted pressures were further used to estimate wall shear stress, providing a pre-print assessment of safe-to-print conditions. The model achieved a 5–15% relative error compared with experimentally adjusted printing pressures across multiple nozzle types. All bioprinted constructs maintained '80% cell viability, and the predicted shear stress remained below reported thresholds for fibroblast safety, confirming the model's reliability for guiding extrusion bioprinting.
Author(s): Jongprasitkul H, Parihar VS, Turunen S, Kellomaki M, Ferreira AM, Fulton DA
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Bioprinting
Year: 2026
Volume: 56
Print publication date: 01/07/2026
Online publication date: 27/03/2026
Acceptance date: 25/03/2026
Date deposited: 21/04/2026
ISSN (electronic): 2405-8866
Publisher: Elsevier
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bprint.2026.e00480
DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2026.e00480
Data Access Statement: Data will be made available on request
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