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The distribution of cosmic ray electrons in star-forming galaxies

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Anvar ShukurovORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Abstract

Copyright © 2026 Shukurov and Jose.We derive explicit algebraic expressions for the steady-state number density of cosmic ray electrons as a function of the position and energy using Green’s function of the diffusion equation with energy losses for axisymmetric distributions of the particle sources in the galactocentric radius (Formula presented) and the distance to the mid-plane (Formula presented). The solution is obtained for a Gaussian distribution of the particle sources in (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), but we show that it can be used for an arbitrary spatial distribution of the sources. The accuracy of our results is approximately 10% or better in wide ranges of (Formula presented), (Formula presented), and particle energies. These solutions can be used in the interpretation of radio astronomical observations of galaxies, particularly in the studies of the radio luminosities for large galaxy samples, and represent a physically justifiable and efficient alternative to the assumption of the energy equipartition between cosmic rays and interstellar magnetic fields.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Shukurov A, Jose C

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences

Year: 2026

Volume: 13

Online publication date: 24/06/2026

Acceptance date: 06/05/2026

Date deposited: 24/08/2026

ISSN (electronic): 2296-987X

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2026.1828206

DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2026.1828206

Data Access Statement: The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article further enquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.

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