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Best practices for measuring the performance and stability of indoor photovoltaic devices

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Marina FreitagORCiD

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Abstract

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2026. Indoor photovoltaics harvests energy from light available inside homes and buildings for powering the Internet of Things, wireless sensors and consumer and medical electronics. A major challenge in this field is a lack of standardized testing conditions. Here a team from more than 60 research institutions and companies proposes best practices for evaluating indoor photovoltaic performance and establishing baseline stability tests. We base these recommendations on recent experimental data, published literature, practices used in academic and industrial settings, technical specifications from standards organizations, lighting databases and existing regulations. We outline procedures that begin with the recommendation of a single artificial light source, followed by guidance on setting up measurement systems and a step-by-step guide for conducting measurements and tests. These procedures are consolidated into three checklists. Our aim is to promote accurate measurement of laboratory and commercial solar cells and modules under indoor lighting, facilitating comparability across academia and industry worldwide.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Chakraborty A, Lucarelli G, Singh V, Xu J, Skafi Z, Thakur D, Di Giacomo F, Shankar G, Calabro E, De Rossi F, Almora O, Amiri P, Aramaki S, Bagnis D, Bannai T, Brabec CJ, Braga D, Burwell G, Brunetti F, Di Carlo A, Carnie M, Castriotta LA, Castro-Hermosa S, Ciocca M, Cui Y, Dagar J, Damien B, Dayneko SV, Doumon NY, Turkovic V, Forberich K, Freitag M, Gao F, Grancini G, Guo Z, Hamadani B, Hayes M, Hou J, Hoye RLZ, Jouin S, Jost M, Karha P, Kauer M, Kirchartz T, Koutsourakis G, Kuge S, Lira-Cantu M, Mathews I, Madsen M, Auf der Maur M, Miyasaka T, Muller D, Priya S, Ratcliff EL, Reale A, Saidaminov MI, Sauvage F, Soman S, Tian Z, Topic M, Cabas Vidani A, Vivo P, Wang K, Wang Y, Wang Z-K, Wojciechowski K, Wurfel U, Xu X, Yasa M, Yerci S, Zampetti A, Zhao K, Brown TM

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Nature Energy

Year: 2026

Pages: Epub ahead of print

Online publication date: 18/08/2026

Acceptance date: 30/04/2026

ISSN (electronic): 2058-7546

Publisher: Springer Nature

URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-026-02101-x

DOI: 10.1038/s41560-026-02101-x

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