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Cardiovascular diseases and periodontology

Lookup NU author(s): Emeritus Professor Robin Seymour, Professor Philip Preshaw, Professor Mark Thomason, Professor Janice EllisORCiD, Emeritus Professor Jimmy Steele CBE

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Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases represent a widespread heterogeneous group of conditions that have significant morbidity and mortality. The various diseases and their treatments can have an impact upon the periodontium and the delivery of periodontal care. Aim: In this paper we consider three main topics and explore their relationship to the periodontist and the provision of periodontal treatment. Method: The areas reviewed include the effect of cardiovascular drugs on the periodontium and management of patients with periodontal diseases; the risk of infective endocarditis arising from periodontal procedures; the inter-relationship between periodontal disease and coronary artery disease. Results and conclusions: Calcium-channel blockers and β-adrenoceptor blockers cause gingival overgrowth and tooth demineralisation, respectively. Evidence suggests that stopping anticoagulant therapy prior to periodontal procedures is putting patients at a greater risk of thromboembolic disorders compared to the risk of prolonged bleeding. The relationship between dentistry and infective endocarditis remains a controversial issue. It would appear that spontaneous bacteraemia arising from a patient's oral hygiene practices is more likely to be the cause of endocarditis than one-off periodontal procedures. The efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis is uncertain (and unlikely to be proven), and the risk of death from penicillin appears to be greater than the risk of death arising from infective endocarditis. Finally, the association between periodontal disease and coronary artery disease has been explored and there seem to be many issues with respect to data handling interpretation. Many putative mechanisms have been suggested; however, these only further highlight the need for intervention studies.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Seymour RA, Preshaw PM, Thomason JM, Ellis JS, Steele JG

Publication type: Review

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Clinical Periodontology

Year: 2003

Volume: 30

Issue: 4

Pages: 279-292

Print publication date: 01/04/2003

ISSN (print): 0303-6979

ISSN (electronic): 1600-051X

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.00291.x

DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.00291.x

PubMed id: 12694425


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