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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Ann DalyORCiD
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Coumarin anticoagulants, which include warfarin, acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon, are among the most widely prescribed drugs worldwide. There is now a large body of published data showing that genotype for certain common polymorphisms in the genes encoding the target vitamin K epoxide reductase (G-1639A/C1173T) and the main metabolizing enzyme CYP2C9 (CYP2C9*2 and *3 alleles) are important determinants of the individual coumarin anticoagulant dose requirement. Additional less common polymorphisms in these genes together with polymorphisms in other genes relevant to blood coagulation such as the cytochrome P450 CYP4F2, gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, calumenin and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase may also be significant predictors of dose, especially in ethnic groups such as Africans where there have been fewer genetic studies compared with European populations. Using relevant genotypes to calculate starting dose may improve safety during the initiation period. Various algorithms for dose calculation, which also take patient age and other characteristics into consideration, have been developed for all three widely used coumarin anticoagulants and are now being tested in ongoing large randomised clinical trials. One recently completed study has provided encouraging results suggesting that calculation of warfarin dose on the basis of individual patient genotype leads to few adverse events and a higher proportion of time within the therapeutic coagulation rate window, but these findings still need confirmation.
Author(s): Daly AK
Publication type: Review
Publication status: Published
Journal: Archives of Toxicology
Year: 2013
Volume: 87
Issue: 3
Pages: 407-420
Print publication date: 02/02/2013
ISSN (print): 0340-5761
ISSN (electronic): 1432-0738
Publisher: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-013-1013-9
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1013-9
