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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inhibition Stimulates Human Cartilage Destruction and Exacerbates Murine Osteoarthritis

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Gary Litherland, Martina Elias, Dr David Wilkinson, Sharon Watson, Professor David YoungORCiD, Emeritus Professor Drew Rowan

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Abstract

Objective. To assess the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) as a regulator of cartilage destruction in human tissue and a murine model of osteoarthritis (OA).Methods. Surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) was performed to induce experimental murine OA, and joint damage was assessed histologically. Bovine nasal and human OA cartilage samples were incubated with interleukin-1 (IL-1) plus oncostatin M (OSM) and GSK-3 inhibitor. Collagen and proteoglycan release was assessed by hydroxyproline measurement and dye binding assay, collagenase activity was assessed by bioassay, and gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Human articular chondrocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion and cultured prior to gene silencing and immunoblotting of cell lysates and nuclear fractions.Results. Mice treated with GSK-3 inhibitor exhibited significantly greater cartilage damage compared with sham-operated control mice. GSK-3 inhibition in bovine cartilage dramatically accelerated IL-1 plus OSM-stimulated degradation, concomitant with a profound increase in collagenase activity. GSK-3 inhibitor induced collagen release from human OA cartilage in the presence of IL-1 plus OSM and increased proteoglycan loss. Gene expression profiling of resorbing OA cartilage revealed a marked procatabolic switch in gene expression upon GSK-3 inhibition. This was mirrored in human articular chondrocytes following GSK3 silencing, particularly with the GSK-3 beta isoform. GSK-3 inhibition or silencing led to enhanced IL-1 plus OSM-stimulated abundance and activity of Jun, and silencing of c-jun ameliorated GSK-3 inhibitor-mediated procatabolic gene expression.Conclusion. GSK-3 is an important regulator of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated joint destruction, the inhibition of which by proinflammatory stimuli de-represses catabolic gene expression. Therapeutic strategies that maintain cartilage GSK-3 activity may therefore help curtail aberrant MMP activity during pathologic joint destruction.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Litherland GJ, Hui W, Elias MS, Wilkinson DJ, Watson S, Huesa C, Young DA, Rowan AD

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology

Year: 2014

Volume: 66

Issue: 8

Pages: 2175-2187

Print publication date: 01/08/2014

Online publication date: 28/07/2014

Acceptance date: 17/04/2014

ISSN (print): 2326-5191

ISSN (electronic): 2326-5205

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.38681

DOI: 10.1002/art.38681


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
JGW Patterson Foundation
Northumberland, Tyne and Wear Comprehensive Local Research Network
UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing and Age-Related Disease award
18726Arthritis Research UK

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