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Childhood Energy Intake Is Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adolescents

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Chris Day

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Abstract

Background: Greater adiposity is an important risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, it is likely that dietary intake is involved in the development of the disease. Prospective studies assessing the relation between childhood dietary intake and risk of NAFLD are lacking. Objective: This study was designed to explore associations between energy, carbohydrate, sugar, starch, protein, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, saturated fat, and total fat intake by youth at ages 3, 7, and 13 y and subsequent (mean age: 17.8 y) ultrasound scan (USS)-measured liver fat and stiffness and serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltransferase. We assessed whether observed associations were mediated through fat mass at the time of outcome assessment. Methods: Participants were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Trajectories of energy and macronutrient intake fromages 3-13 ywere obtained with linear-splinemultilevelmodels. Linear and logistic regressionmodels examinedwhether energy intake and absolute and energy-adjusted macronutrient intake at ages 3, 7, and 13 y were associated with liver outcomes. Results: Energy intake at all ages was positively associatedwith liver outcomes; for example, the odds of having aUSS-measured liver fat per 100 kcal increase in energy intake at age 3 y were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.79). Associations between absolute macronutrient intake and liver outcomeswere inconsistent and attenuated to the null after adjustment for total energy intake. The majority of associations attenuated to the null after adjustment for fat mass at the time liver outcomes were assessed. Conclusion: Higher childhood and early adolescent energy intake is associated with greater NAFLD risk, and the macronutrients from which energy intake is derived are less important. These associations appear to be mediated, at least in part, by fat mass at the time of outcome assessment.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Anderson EL, Howe LD, Fraser A, Macdonald-Wallis C, Callaway MP, Sattar N, Day C, Tilling K, Lawlor DA

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Nutrition

Year: 2015

Volume: 145

Issue: 5

Pages: 983-989

Print publication date: 01/05/2015

Online publication date: 18/03/2015

Acceptance date: 25/02/2015

ISSN (print): 0022-3166

ISSN (electronic): 1541-6100

Publisher: American Society for Nutrition

URL: http://doi.org/10.3945/​jn.114.208397

DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.208397

PubMed id: 25788585


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