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© 2018 American Chemical Society. Schoenberger and colleagues (Schoenberger et al.. (2018) ACS Chem. Neurosci. 9, 298-305) recently reported attempts to demonstrate specific binding of the positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, [18F]GE-179, to NMDA receptors in both rats and Rhesus macaques. GE-179 did not work as expected in animal models; however, we disagree with the authors' conclusion that "the [18F]GE-179 signal seems to be largely nonspecific". It is extremely challenging to demonstrate specific binding for the use-dependent NMDA receptor intrachannel ligands such as [18F]GE-179 in animals via traditional blocking, due to its low availability of target sites (Bmax′). Schoenberger and colleagues anesthetized rats and Rhesus monkeys using isoflurane, which has an inhibitory effect on NMDA receptor function and thus would be expected to further reduce the Bmax′. The extent of glutamate release achieved in the provocation experiments is uncertain, as is whether a significant increase in NMDA receptor channel opening can be expected under anesthesia. Prior data suggest that the uptake of disubstituted arylguanidine-based ligands such as GE-179 can be reduced by phencyclidine binding site antagonists, if injection is performed in the absence of ketamine and isoflurane anesthesia, e.g., with GE-179's antecedent, CNS 5161 (Biegon et al.. (2007) Synapse 61, 577-586), and with GMOM (van der Doef et al.. (2016) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 36, 1111-1121). However, the extent of nonspecific uptake remains uncertain.
Author(s): McGinnity CJ, Arstad E, Beck K, Brooks DJ, Coles JP, Duncan JS, Galovic M, Hinz R, Hirani E, Howes OD, Jones PA, Koepp MJ, Luo F, Riano Barros DA, Singh N, Trigg W, Hammers A
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: ACS Chemical Neuroscience
Year: 2019
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 768-772
Print publication date: 16/01/2019
Online publication date: 11/10/2018
Acceptance date: 02/04/2018
ISSN (electronic): 1948-7193
Publisher: American Chemical Society
URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00246
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00246
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