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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Emma Stevenson
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Background: At rest, breakfast omission lowers daily energy intake, but also lowers energy expenditure, attenuating any effect on energy balance. The effect of breakfast omission, on energy balance when exercise is prescribed, is unclear. Objective: The aim was to assess the effect of pre-exercise breakfast omission versus consumption on 24-h energy balance. Methods: Twelve healthy physically active young men (age 23 ± 3 years, body mass index 23.6 ± 2.0 kg·m-2) completed three trials in a randomized order (seperated >1 week): a breakfast of oats and milk (431 kcal; 65 g CHO, 11 g FAT, 19 g PRO) followed by rest (BR); breakfast before exercise (BE; 60 min cycling at 50% peak power output); and overnight-fasting before exercise (FE). The 24-h energy intake was calculated from breakfast, and an ad libitum lunch, snacks and dinner. Indirect calorimetry with heart-rate-accelerometry were used for substrate utilization and 24-h energy expenditure. A [6,6-2H2]-glucose infusion was used to investigate tissue-specific carbohydrate utilization. Results: Energy balance (24 h) was -400 kcal (normalized 95 % confidence intervals: -230 to -571 kcal) with exercise and breakfast ommision (FE), and this was significantly lower than the rest trial (BR; 492 [332 to 652] kcal) and also the exercise but with prior breakfast consumption (BE; 7 [-153 to 177] kcal; both P<0.01 versus FE). Plasma glucose utilization in FE (mainly representing liver glucose utilization), was positively correlated with energy intake compensation at lunch (r= 0.62, P= 0.03), suggesting a role for liver carbohydrate use in post-exercise energy balance regulation. Conclusion: Neither exercise energy expenditure nor the restricted energy intake via breakfast omission were completely compensated for post-exercise. In healthy men, pre-exercise breakfast omission creates a more negative daily energy balance and could therefore be a useful strategy to induce a short-term energy deficit. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02258399).
Author(s): Edinburgh RM, Hengist A, Smith HA, Travers RL, Betts JA, Thompson D, Walhin JP, Wallis GA, Hamilton DL, Stevenson EJ, Tipton KD, Gonzalez JT
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Journal of Nutrition
Year: 2019
Volume: 149
Issue: 8
Pages: 1326–1334
Print publication date: 01/08/2019
Online publication date: 10/04/2019
Acceptance date: 23/01/2019
Date deposited: 06/02/2019
ISSN (print): 0022-3166
ISSN (electronic): 1541-6100
Publisher: Oxford University Press
URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz018
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz018
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