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Tipping-bucket rain gauges: a review of the undercatch phenomenon, and methods for its reduction and correction

Lookup NU author(s): Ruth Dunn, Professor Hayley Fowler, Dr Amy Green, Dr Elizabeth Lewis

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

© 2025 The Author(s). Weather published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Meteorological Society.Tipping-bucket rain gauges are crucial for the measurement of precipitation. However, gauge-measured precipitation is affected by a myriad of errors, with wind-induced undercatch typically being the most significant of the local errors. Here, we review the rain gauge undercatch phenomenon and methods developed for its reduction and correction. We find that refined gauge design and installation practices have reduced undercatch, and post-collection correction methodologies for undercatch have been developed. However, we recommend that more work is needed to communicate the importance of this phenomenon, and that existing correction methodologies are still not robust enough to be widely adopted.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Dunn RE, Fowler HJ, Green AC, Lewis E

Publication type: Review

Publication status: Published

Journal: Weather

Year: 2025

Volume: 80

Issue: 6

Pages: 196-205

Print publication date: 01/06/2025

Online publication date: 19/05/2025

Acceptance date: 06/05/2025

ISSN (print): 0043-1656

ISSN (electronic): 1477-8696

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd

URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.7736

DOI: 10.1002/wea.7736

Data Access Statement: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study


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