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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Bortecene Yildirim, Dr Mohammed ElgendyORCiD, Andrew Smith, Dr Mehmet KulanORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2025 by the authors.Modular converters offer an effective solution for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) by lowering battery pack voltage levels and enabling additional functionalities, such as state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) balancing, temperature regulation, and improved system reliability. However, conventional modular designs often require numerous additional components, including passive elements, switches, and sensing circuits. This paper proposes a modular multi-port converter (MMPC) BESS that combines energy conversion and battery management functions, leveraging the benefits of both modular and multi-port architectures. The proposed system demonstrates promising scalability and adaptability within the tested voltage and power ranges, with potential for extension to higher voltage and power applications through modular expansion. It also introduces an additional control layer, enhancing flexibility for control optimization and cost-effectiveness while improving reliability by reducing dependency on bypass switches. A prototype utilizing three dual-port converters managing six battery packs was developed. The experimental results confirm that the MMPC-based BESS achieves energy conversion and effectively balances the SoC among battery packs during both charging and discharging, under initial SoC mismatches.
Author(s): Yildirim B, Elgendy MA, Smith A, Kulan MC, Akbal B
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Energies
Year: 2025
Volume: 18
Issue: 12
Online publication date: 15/06/2025
Acceptance date: 12/06/2025
Date deposited: 08/07/2025
ISSN (electronic): 1996-1073
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123142 Submission received: 24 May 2025 / Revised: 9 June 2025 /
DOI: 10.3390/en18123142
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