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Lookup NU author(s): Muharrem Cevik, Professor Giorgio Fazio, Dr Sara MaioliORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2025 The Author(s). The World Economy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.We examine how various types of sanctions—trade, financial, military, arms and travel—affect trade in cultural goods, and, for comparison, in non-cultural goods. We find that trade sanctions have significant negative impacts on cultural and non-cultural trade. The magnitude and nature of these impacts vary depending on the type and coverage of trade sanctions. Furthermore, our study reveals significant collateral damage to bilateral cultural trade caused by arms, military assistance, financial and travel sanctions. Conversely, non-cultural trade is primarily influenced by financial and travel sanctions. Examining the origins of sanctions provides deeper insights into their diverse impacts. Specifically, our analysis highlights that the United States (U.S.)-imposed sanctions across various types have significant unintended consequences for bilateral U.S. cultural trade with sanctioned countries. Similarly, both U.S. and European Union (EU) sanctions, regardless of their type, exert a substantial impact on their non-cultural trade with sanctioned countries. Although sanctions may be justified from a political standpoint, our findings underscore the importance for policymakers to prioritise the promotion of cultural trade and its potential role in peacebuilding efforts once sanctions are lifted.
Author(s): Cevik M, Fazio G, Maioli S
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: World Economy
Year: 2025
Pages: epub ahead of print
Online publication date: 30/07/2025
Acceptance date: 24/06/2025
Date deposited: 11/08/2025
ISSN (print): 0378-5920
ISSN (electronic): 1467-9701
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc
URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.70012
DOI: 10.1111/twec.70012
Data Access Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request
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