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Hypertension in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a position paper from the European Society of Hypertension working group on small arteries. Part A: pathophysiology, prevalence and cardiovascular risk estimation

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Simon Tual-ChalotORCiD

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Abstract

Copyright © 2026 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) are characterized by excessive immune system dysregulation and a significant inflammatory milieu that provokes multiorgan damage. Inflammation holds a key role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD), thereby explaining the increased cardiovascular risk of patients with ARDs. Among all cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension is the most prevalent one in patients with ARDs. The pathogenesis of hypertension in ARDs is multifactorial and the result of a complex interplay between several traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the sympathetic nervous system, autoimmune disease specific factors and genetic predisposition. Importantly, even though patients with ARDs and hypertension suffer a markedly increased cardiovascular risk, current guidelines lack a widely accepted risk prediction tool to accurately estimate CVD risk and provide a highly individualized approach. This review aims to analyse the prevalence and pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with ARDs and provide an overview of cardiovascular risk assessment in this high-risk group.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Gkaliagkousi E, Lazaridis A, de Ciuceis C, Doumas M, Narkiewicz K, Agabiti-Rosei C, Anyfanti P, Malliora A, Stellos K, Vlachogiannis N, Stoenoiu MS, Stavropoulos K, Dimitroulas T, Mavraganis G, Stamatelopoulos K, Terentes-Printzios D, Ikonomidis I, Rios F, Kutryb-Zajac BA, Paneni F, Mengozzi A, Nosalski R, Georgiopoulos G, Pavlidis G, Tual-Chalot S, Camargo L, Cappelli F, Dabrowska E, Quarti-Trevano F, Hellmann M, Masi S, Montezano A, Winklewski P, Wolf J, Costantino S, Drenjancevic I, Taddei S, Guzik T, Kreutz R, Delles C, Touyz R, Persu A, Weber T, Viigimaa M, Grassi G, Virdis A

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Hypertension

Year: 2026

Volume: 44

Issue: 8

Pages: 1295-1307

Print publication date: 01/08/2026

Online publication date: 30/04/2026

Acceptance date: 02/04/2018

ISSN (print): 0263-6352

ISSN (electronic): 1473-5598

Publisher: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins

URL: https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000004332

DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000004332

PubMed id: 42226586

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