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Factor I Autoantibodies in Patients with Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Disease-Associated or an Epiphenomenon?

Lookup NU author(s): Professor David KavanaghORCiD, Dr Isabel Pappworth, Christine Hayes, Dr Iain Moore, Dr Eva-Maria Hunze, Dr Karim Bennaceur, Simon Lea, Dr Lisa Turnbull, Professor Tim Goodship, Professor Kevin MarchbankORCiD

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Abstract

Background and objectivesAtypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is a disease associated with mutations in the genes encoding the complement regulators factors H and I. In addition, factor H autoantibodies have been reported in ∼10% of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. This study searched for the presence of factor I autoantibodies in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThis study screened 175 atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome patients for factor I autoantibodies using ELISA with confirmatory Western blotting. Functional studies using purified immunoglobulin from one patient were subsequently undertaken.ResultsFactor I autoantibodies were detected in three patients. In one patient with a high titer of autoantibody, the titer was tracked over time and was found to have no association with disease activity. This study found evidence of an immune complex of antibody and factor I in this patient, but purified IgG, isolated from current serum samples, had only a minor effect on fluid phase and cell surface complement regulation. Genetic analysis of the three patients with factor I autoantibodies revealed that they had two copies of the genes encoding factor H-related proteins 1 and 3 and therefore, did not have a deletion commonly associated with factor H autoantibodies in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Two patients, however, had functionally significant mutations in complement factor H.ConclusionsThese findings reinforce the concept of multiple concurrent risk factors being associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome but question whether autoantibodies per se predispose to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Kavanagh D, Pappworth IY, Anderson H, Hayes CM, Moore I, Hunze EM, Bennaceur K, Roversi P, Lea S, Strain L, Ward R, Plant N, Nailescu C, Goodship TH, Marchbank KJ

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Year: 2012

Volume: 7

Issue: 3

Pages: 417-426

Print publication date: 01/01/2012

ISSN (print): 1555-9041

ISSN (electronic): 1555-905X

Publisher: American Society of Nephrology

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/CJN.05750611

DOI: 10.2215/CJN.05750611

PubMed id: 22223611

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