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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Alexandra Petrou, Professor Jeremy Parr, Emerita Professor Helen McConachie
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND).
Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are more commonly observed in boys than in girls. There is growing awareness of ASD in girls and recognition that under-diagnosis is common. The current study aimed to investigate any evidence of reduction in the average age at diagnosis for girls by assessing whether: 1) girls’ age at diagnosis has reduced, compared to boys’, across two age cohorts – children born between 1996–1999 and 2002–2005; 2) age at diagnosis differed between boys and girls diagnosed across childhood; 3) any characteristics are associated with earlier age at diagnosis in girls. Methods Data were available from large UK databases of children with ASD: The Database of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Living in the North East (http://daslne.org) and the Autism Spectrum Database–UK (www.asd-uk.com). Results There was no differential reduction of parent-reported age at diagnosis for girls over time. For children receiving their diagnosis at age ≥60 months, boys received diagnoses an average of one year earlier than did girls (98.2 months, SD=31.6 vs. 109.1 months, SD=36.4). For boys and girls, earlier diagnosis was associated with toileting problems and temper problems. Having additional diagnoses (e.g., dyslexia, dyspraxia, and epilepsy) was associated with later diagnosis. Conclusions Age at diagnosis has not decreased over time. Girls with ASD are diagnosed later than boys when aged 5 years or older. Health and education professionals would benefit from better understanding factors such as toileting problems, temper problems, and additional diagnoses that could potentially guide early identification of ASD in clinical practice for school-age girls
Author(s): Petrou AM, Parr JR, McConachie H
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Year: 2018
Volume: 50
Pages: 32-42
Print publication date: 01/06/2018
Online publication date: 20/03/2018
Acceptance date: 04/02/2018
Date deposited: 21/03/2018
ISSN (print): 1750-9467
ISSN (electronic): 1878-0237
Publisher: Elsevier
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.02.003
DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2018.02.003
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