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The family 11 carbohydrate-binding module of Clostridium thermocellum Lic26A-Cel5E accommodates β-1,4- and β-1,3-1,4-mixed linked glucans at a single binding site

Lookup NU author(s): Dr David Bolam, Emeritus Professor Harry Gilbert

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Abstract

Modular glycoside hydrolases that attack recalcitrant polymers generally contain noncatalytic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), which play a critical role in the action of these enzymes by localizing the appended catalytic domains onto the surface of insoluble polysaccharide substrates. Type B CBMs, which recognize single polysaccharide chains, display ligand specificities that are consistent with the substrates hydrolyzed by the associated catalytic domains. In enzymes that contain multiple catalytic domains with distinct substrate specificities, it is unclear how these different activities influence the evolution of the ligand recognition profile of the appended CBM. To address this issue, we have characterized the properties of a family 11 CBM (CtCBM11) in Clostridium thermocellum, Lic26A-Cel5E, an enzyme that contains GH5 and GH26 catalytic domains that display β-1,4- and β-1,3-1,4-mixed linked endoglucanase activity, respectively. Here we show that CtCBM11 binds to both β-1,4-and β-1,3-1,4-mixed linked glucans, displaying Ka values of 1.9 × 105, 4.4 × 104, and 2 × 103 M-1 for Glc-β1,4-Glc-β1,4-Glc-β1,3-Glc, Glc-β1,4-Glc-β1,4-Glc-β1,4-Glc, and Glc-β1,3-Glc-β1,4- Glc-β1,3-Glc, respectively, demonstrating that CBMs can display a preference for mixed linked glucans. To determine whether these ligands are accommodated in the same or diverse sites in CTCBM11, the crystal structure of the protein was solved to a resolution of 1.98 Å. The protein displays a β-sandwich with a concave side that forms a potential binding cleft. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Tyr22, Tyr53, and Tyr129, located in the putative binding cleft, play a central role in the recognition of all the ligands recognized by the protein. We propose, therefore, that CtCBM11 contains a single ligand-binding site that displays affinity for both β-1,4- and β-1,3-1,4-mixed linked glucans.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Carvalho A, Goyal A, Prates J, Bolam DN, Gilbert HJ, Pires V, Ferreira L, Planas A, Romão M, Fontes C

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Biological Chemistry

Year: 2004

Volume: 279

Issue: 33

Pages: 34785-34793

ISSN (print): 0021-9258

ISSN (electronic): 1083-351X

Publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M405867200

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M405867200

PubMed id: 15192099


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