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Obesity, Diabetes, Coffee, Tea, and Cannabis Use Alter Risk for Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis in 2 Large Cohorts of High-Risk Drinkers

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Steven MassonORCiD, Professor Ann DalyORCiD, Professor Heather Cordell, Professor Chris Day

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Abstract

Copyright © 2020 by The American College of Gastroenterology.INTRODUCTION: Sustained high alcohol intake is necessary but not sufficient to produce alcohol-related cirrhosis. Identification of risk factors, apart from lifetime alcohol exposure, would assist in discovery of mechanisms and prediction of risk. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter case-control study (GenomALC) comparing 1,293 cases (with alcohol-related cirrhosis, 75.6% male) and 754 controls (with equivalent alcohol exposure but no evidence of liver disease, 73.6% male). Information confirming or excluding cirrhosis, and on alcohol intake and other potential risk factors, was obtained from clinical records and by interview. Case-control differences in risk factors discovered in the GenomALC participants were validated using similar data from 407 cases and 6,573 controls from UK Biobank. RESULTS: The GenomALC case and control groups reported similar lifetime alcohol intake (1,374 vs 1,412 kg). Cases had a higher prevalence of diabetes (20.5% (262/1,288) vs 6.5% (48/734), P = 2.27 × 10-18) and higher premorbid body mass index (26.37 ± 0.16 kg/m2) than controls (24.44 ± 0.18 kg/m2, P = 5.77 × 10-15). Controls were significantly more likely to have been wine drinkers, coffee drinkers, smokers, and cannabis users than cases. Cases reported a higher proportion of parents who died of liver disease than controls (odds ratio 2.25 95% confidence interval 1.55-3.26). Data from UK Biobank confirmed these findings for diabetes, body mass index, proportion of alcohol as wine, and coffee consumption. DISCUSSION: If these relationships are causal, measures such as weight loss, intensive treatment of diabetes or prediabetic states, and coffee consumption should reduce the risk of alcohol-related cirrhosis.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Whitfield JB, Masson S, Liangpunsakul S, Mueller S, Aithal GP, Eyer F, Gleeson D, Thompson A, Stickel F, Soyka M, Muellhaupt B, Daly AK, Cordell HJ, Foroud T, Lumeng L, Pirmohamed M, Nalpas B, Jacquet J-M, Moirand R, Nahon P, Naveau S, Perney P, Haber PS, Seitz HK, Day CP, Mathurin P, Morgan TR, Seth D

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: The American Journal of Gastroenterology

Year: 2021

Volume: 116

Issue: 1

Pages: 106-115

Print publication date: 01/01/2021

Acceptance date: 02/04/2018

ISSN (print): 0002-9270

ISSN (electronic): 1572-0241

Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health

URL: https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000833

DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000833

PubMed id: 32868629

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