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Apoptotic stress causes mtDNA release during senescence and drives the SASP

Lookup NU author(s): Hanna Salmonowicz, Dr James ChapmanORCiD, George Kelly, Professor Laura GreavesORCiD, Professor Derek Mann, Professor Viktor KorolchukORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

© 2023, The Author(s). Senescent cells drive age-related tissue dysfunction partially through the induction of a chronic senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)1. Mitochondria are major regulators of the SASP; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated2. Mitochondria are often essential for apoptosis, a cell fate distinct from cellular senescence. During apoptosis, widespread mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) commits a cell to die3. Here we find that MOMP occurring in a subset of mitochondria is a feature of cellular senescence. This process, called minority MOMP (miMOMP), requires BAX and BAK macropores enabling the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytosol. Cytosolic mtDNA in turn activates the cGAS–STING pathway, a major regulator of the SASP. We find that inhibition of MOMP in vivo decreases inflammatory markers and improves healthspan in aged mice. Our results reveal that apoptosis and senescence are regulated by similar mitochondria-dependent mechanisms and that sublethal mitochondrial apoptotic stress is a major driver of the SASP. We provide proof-of-concept that inhibition of miMOMP-induced inflammation may be a therapeutic route to improve healthspan.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Victorelli S, Salmonowicz H, Chapman J, Martini H, Vizioli MG, Riley JS, Cloix C, Hall-Younger E, Machado Espindola-Netto J, Jurk D, Lagnado AB, Sales Gomez L, Farr JN, Saul D, Reed R, Kelly G, Eppard M, Greaves LC, Dou Z, Pirius N, Szczepanowska K, Porritt RA, Huang H, Huang TY, Mann DA, Masuda CA, Khosla S, Dai H, Kaufmann SH, Zacharioudakis E, Gavathiotis E, LeBrasseur NK, Lei X, Sainz AG, Korolchuk VI, Adams PD, Shadel GS, Tait SWG, Passos JF

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Nature

Year: 2023

Volume: 622

Pages: 627-636

Print publication date: 19/10/2023

Online publication date: 11/10/2023

Acceptance date: 07/09/2023

Date deposited: 17/01/2024

ISSN (print): 0028-0836

ISSN (electronic): 1476-4687

Publisher: Springer Nature

URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06621-4

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06621-4

Data Access Statement: The RNA-seq datasets generated and analysed during this study are available at the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE196610 and GSE235225). The MS proteomics data have been deposited at the ProteomeXchange Consortium through the PRIDE partner repository under dataset identifier PXD040018. Source data are provided with this paper.

PubMed id: 37821702


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
203105/Z/16/Z0
BB/R506345/1
BBSRC
MRC
MR/R023026/1Medical Research Council (MRC)
NIH
R01AG064165
R33AG61456-4
Wellcome Trust

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